Water and oil separator Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Water and oil separator - Essay Example Water and Oil separators that are properly, designed, operated and installed can provide a treatment system to be used in handling of oily wastewater. This can help prevent any entry of an unacceptable levels of contamination to either a sanitary sewer system or storm sewer (Grigsby 54). However, water and oil separators are never designed to help separate high concentration of oils or solids from water such as large quantity of sludge or oil that is poured or spilled in the wash bay drain. It is, therefore, important for the people tasked with discharging wastewater into water and oil separators to understand their principle of operation, and their limitations. This will help prevent pollution of the environment. This paper discusses the common types of water oil separator systems. The focus is on their principle of operation, and the common properties of typical water and oil wastewater streams. Currently, there are two types of oil water separators (U.S. Army Aberdeen Test Centre, 27). These two exist in varying designs. The first design, which is also the oldest, is called the conventional/gravity separation or API separator, and the coalescing design or parallel corrugated plate. The conventional/gravity design provides a certain tank width, depth and length that gives a wide, and quiet spot within the pipeline. This times for the oil to rise. This API design depends on the large water volume and can provide about 100 ppm discharge oil concentration on a 150-micron droplet size. This correlates with the size of the tank, which can potentially hold 5 times the size on sized coalescing separator. On the other hand, the coalescing design or parallel corrugated plate has a large surface area that is in contact with coalescing plates (the waste stream). This design has a coalescing media, which causes the size of the tank to reduce. It also increases efficiency of its performance. The separation process

Tourism and Western Influence on the Sherpa Culture in Nepal. A brief Research Paper

Tourism and Western Influence on the Sherpa Culture in Nepal. A brief history of Sherpa society and how today's tourism to Mount Everest affects and influences their culture - Research Paper Example They practiced high attitude farming in a region known as Khumbu. This was home for the Sherpa who practiced subsistence farming and animal herding in high attitude, for example, raising yak for their products such as hides, dairy and wool. The children would be sent to collects yak dung that would be used as a source of fuel. Women dug potatoes in the snow and this could be due to peaks could not be of interest to them apart from the few sacred mountains (Furze 24). The Sherpa became involved in climbing at around 1020s. This could be due to the mountain climbing expeditions planned by the British. This led to the involvement of the Sherpa in mountain climbing as they would be hired as porters. Mountaineering became the Sherpa’s culture around 1950 during the time Nepal could be exposed. Countless climbers began flocking at the Khumbu Village which was the Sherpa home and together with Mount Everest; it later became the Sagarmatha National Park (Haimendorf 72). Mountaineering and trekking business became the cultural phenomena of the Sherpa community. The Sherpa themselves acted as a tourist guide for Westerners and also as cooks and base camp staff. They would be referred to as porters which resulted from their ability to climb and assist the westerner in climbing the tallest peaks in the world (Furze 68). This became part of their culture as many of them welcomed the changes as it provided employment opportunities, which led to the increased standards of living and comfortable lifestyles. The transformation of Sherpa’s culture led to the development of the region such that they shifted from the previous harsh life to the prosperous one. This could be brought by the establishment of trekking and mountain climbing. Trekkers brought steady income, which could sustain shops and guesthouses owned by the Sherpa along the route, the porters, guides and cooks who assisted

The Management Of Sustainability At Barclays Marketing Essay

The Management Of Sustainability At Barclays Marketing Essay The history of Barclays was developed in 1960 in London by John Freame and Thomas Gould started their business as trading goldsmith bankers. In the year 1736, when James Barclay joined the organisation the name Barclays became connected with the company even though it was not until 1896 then the company is known as Barclays bank. Then is 1896 the company joins 19 other private banking businesses to form Barclay Company Limited, with 182 branches and a deposit of  £26m. By the year 2009 Barclays bank has established in 59 countries with 140, 000 employees throughout the world due to globalisation and the advancement of technology. Barclays is a major global financial services provider engaged in personal banking, credit cards, corporate and investment banking, and wealth and investment management. According to the annual report for 2012, in order to have a sustainable basis, Barclays had to store trust and restore performance. There was also a change in the remuneration packages, a s they prefer paying according to the performance relationship. In relation with shareholders they have increase the share from the total net income and they mention that it is essential to the business and those employees working in an extreme competitive international environment. Barclays also states that their hitting their targets which satisfies them. They claim that their doing work which is socially important and useful to the environment, as well to generate a sustainable return for the shareholders. Sustainability is an increasingly important theme for businesses. At the current situation, the concept of sustainability has been broadened to include not only environmental consideration, but also economic and social consideration claims Elkington (1998). If these factors are implemented in the business, it would be successful. Sustainability is essential for Barclays competitive advantage as Barclays has various competitors in the market. Barclays sustains its competitive ad vantage by creating a size and diversity for the business as well as the quality, character and the relationships with their customers. Diversity has allowed them to build a sustainable business by delivering an operational excellence, investing in innovation and managing their risks. 2.0 Findings 2.1 Sustainability /Sustainable development Sustainability refers to the ability of a mankind to continue indefinitely by making a zero impact on the environmental resources (Blowfield Murray, 2011). Crane Marten (2010) states that sustainability is defined as a long- term maintenance of systems according to environmental, economic and social considerations. Sustainable development is the process by which mankind moves towards the ultimate goal of sustainability. The goal of sustainable development is to enable all people throughout the world to satisfy their basic needs and to enjoy a better quality of life without compromising the quality of life of future generations (HMG, 2005). 2.2 Business Sustainability Business sustainability is known as adapting to the business strategies and activities that meets the needs of business stakeholders today and the near future. There are few frameworks which are used to measure the sustainability of the business, and one of the best ways of testing sustainability would be the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) method introduced by John Elkington. It consists of three important elements which is Economic, social and Environmental. It generates the basis of both Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) and Sustainability Balance Scorecard (SBSC). Now this report would move on to evaluate the Triple Bottom Line (TBL). 2.3 Economic Sustainability The economic dimension, sustainability is concern about the organizations impacts on the economic environment of its stakeholders and on economic system at local, national and global levels. A narrow concept of economic sustainability focuses on the economic performances of the corporations itself: the responsibility of management is to develop, produce and market those products that secure the long-term economic performances of the corporation (Crane and Matten, 2010).The economic perspective on sustainability is strong and stable economy would create jobs and incomes for society in order to provide basic standard of living. 2.4 Environmental Sustainability The environmental sustainability is concern about organisations impact towards the diverse ecosystem, like water, land and air. The basic principles of sustainability in environment perceptive concern the effective management of physical resources so that they are conserved for the future (Crane and Matten 2010). Basically, it provides resources for human activities and acts as sinks which absorb and recycle human waste such as microorganisms. It is also known as the main resource provider to people, such as water, soil fertility and pollination. 2.5 Social Sustainability The Social Sustainability focuses on the impacts of an organisation towards the social structure which it operates. The development in social perspectives on sustainability has tended to trial behind that of the environment and economic perspectives (Scott, Park and Cocklin, 2000). The main social point of sustainability is the key justice. It deals with a strong, healthy and fair society. It provides promotion for personal well- being, social cohesion and inclusion and equal opportunities for the society (HMG, 2005). 3.0 Measuring Businesses Sustainability 3.1 Sustainability Balance Scorecard Kaplan and Norton (1992) developed the balanced scorecard in order to give managers a more comprehensive view of business performances. Balance scorecards combine both qualitative and quantitative measures, acknowledge the expectations of different stakeholders and relate an assessment of performance to choice of category. It contents of four perspectives financial, customers, process, learning and growth. The sustainability balance scorecard consists of four elements, which would be financial, internal business process, customer, learning and growth. It helps the organisation to breakdown corporate level measures which will help manager and employees to look at what could be done to make the organization to improve internal and external communications and monitor organisations performances against goal. Barclays has been using sustainability balance scorecard in measuring their organisation sustainability. According to the annual report in 2012 in mentioned that the economic environment in Barclays main markets was marked by generally weak or negative growth (as measured by GDP), which has affected business, consumer and investor confidence across these regions. Economic performance in the near term remains uncertain and is expected to be subdued. As an example, to overcome this situation Barclays expects to incur a restructuring charge of approximately  £500m in the first quarter of 2013 and costs associated with implementing the strategic plan of approximately  £1bn in 2013,  £1bn in 2014 and  £0.7bn in 2015 ( Barclays annual report, 2012). 3.2 Global Reporting Initiative Social accounting is the voluntary process concerned with assessing and communicating organisational activities and impacts on social, ethical, and environmental issues relevant to stakeholders. Corporate organisations involves in social accounting for both practical and moral reasons. The main four reasons are internal and external pressure, identifying risks, improved stakeholder management and enhanced accountability and transparency. A good social accounting is complete when a scheme in place attempts to the activities like Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). Crane and Matten (2010) states that Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) is an international multi-stakeholder effort to create a common framework for reporting on social, economic and environmental triple bottom line sustainability. Barclays has reported against the Global Reporting Initiative (G3) Indicator protocols and Financial Sector Supplement. In 2011, Barclays have self-declared for their GRI performance application to be B+ (Annual Report Barclays, 2011). 4.0 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) CSR is a set of measures that business could take in order to become sustainable. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is known as a business initiative to evaluate and take accountability on the organizational effects on the environment and impact on the community which is meant that it benefits the organization as well as the community. Rionda claims that CSR is alternatively referred to as corporate citizenship, which essentially means that a company should be a good neighbor within its host family (Rionda.Z, 2002). Organization that is socially responsible would be rewarded with more satisfying customers, which will help to meet the organization goals and expansion of the business. CSR is also as one of tool for brand reputation for business which is developed globally. As an example, a company which has a strong global brand and consumer pressure will be the key drivers towards CSR practices (Zadek, 2004). Most of the companies nowadays have decided to get involved in CSR becau se they realize that in order to stay productive, competitive and relevant in a rapidly changing world, they have to become socially responsible. CSR has also been defined by Moir (2001) who states the continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as the local community and society at large. 4.1 Carroll CSR Model Source: A Carroll (1991) The pyramid of corporate social responsibility, Business Horizons, July-August, pp-39-48. The study on Barclays CSR is based on the Carroll four part CSR model that has helped Barclays to meet the two stage of this model which includes economic and legal. Barclays has reported all their CSR activities clearly which gives an indication that Barclays gives an impression to be a sustainable organization and Barclays has been doing well in all these aspects to maintain their sustainability. Barclays seem to give much attention to aim on their CSR activities at stakeholders to contribute to economic, environment and social sustainability to remain sustainable. Now this report will move on to discuss on the CSR policies adapted by Barclays. 4.2 Barclays CSR Barclays has been actively engaging themselves in CSR activities. Barclays believes business can have a positive impact towards the community they serve if CSR is being implemented. Ever since they have start operating their first bank in 1960, they have dedicated their selves to trust and respect their customers and shareholders. Barclays is involving themselves in CSR activities such as, environmental, social and economic. As an example, Barclays Bank in Kenya state that, in order to stay in business for another100 years, they need to be partners with their stakeholders to maximize the opportunities presented by economic, social and environmental sustainability issues, as well as collaborate to minimise the associated risks in both direct and indirect ( Barclays Annual report, 2010). This report will now evaluate the CSR activities of Barclays. 4.3 Environmental Barclays Environmental sustainability approach is to reduce their impacts on the environment. They are not only focusing on the direct operational impact, while they are also looking at wider influence through their lending and investment activities. To make this more efficient Barclays has introduced climate exchange program. This program emphasizes on waste management, water use and paper use. They are designing, building and operating in way that reduces the impact on the globe. There are three main issue which influences Climate exchange Program. The first one would be developing products and services for a low carbon economy, and then followed by managing climate change risks which means managing social and environmental risk in lending and finally managing their own carbon footprint (Citizenship Report, 2011). With adopting all this environmental policies, Barclays was able to meet a sustainable environmental operation to their business. 4.4 Social In social sustainability Barclays is involved with the community. In 2012, Barclays global community investment team managed to engage 73,000 staff in volunteering, fundraising and support programmes that benefited an estimated two million people worldwide (Ainsworth, 2012 Third Sector). Barclays states that in order to have social sustainability two things beings involved; community investment programs and employee programs with the direct efforts of employees. The community programs which Barclays practices are Building Young Futures that aims to equip 74,000 disadvantaged young people in six countries Brazil, Egypt, India, Pakistan, Uganda and Zambia with the skills to help them fulfil their potential with a partnership between Barclays and UNICEF( Barclays citizenship plan , 2012). This program is introduced to help the poor community in these countries to have a proper skill and self-confidents in securing their income with a job or set up a small business with skill and knowle dge provided by this program. The main aim of this program is to reduce unemployment rate among the younger generation in these countries. As an example, in the first four years of their partnership, Building Young Futures gave more than 600,000 young people: improved education opportunities; financial, employment and enterprise skills; and support to manage their money (Barclays citizenship plan, 2012). Besides that, Barclays has introduced a citizenship award in 2012 to recognize and appreciate the work contribution done by their employees for community. The employees in Barclays are actively involved in fund raising for the local community around the globe. For instance, Nearly 1,000 customers and employees took in the sights of the UK capital by night on a 10-km walk, as they raised almost  £100,000 to support UNICEF and UK broadcaster Heart radios Have a Heart charity (Barclays citizenship plan, 2012). With this programmes it would help the local communities to achieve financial independence and security in their lives. Furthermore, these programmes applied towards the community would help Barclays to be more sustainable in a social context. 4.5 Society/ Diversity Aside making huge profits and meeting organisation goals, Barclays have also created a culture where diversity is valued and respected. Barclays mention that their global diversity strategy in place across the organisation, and they are continuing to extend and update this to reflect industry best practice and to meet the expectations of stakeholders and customers (Barclays, 2011).As an example, Barclays have worked closely with external recruitment firm to let them know their diversity priorities, so they could provide them with huge number employees for recruitment and selection. This method is used to measure the employees potential and hard work and to ensure individuals with disabilities have equal rights and job prospects. Barclays has given priorities to diversity as want to meet an equal gender workforce and to support co-workers and customers who has disability. For instance , the UK Corporate Banking business rose to first from fourth place among its peers in terms of clien t satisfaction, and a business in their Wealth and Investment Management division won Best Customer Experience Award in Financial Services in the 2011 Customer Experience Awards. Now this report would move on to access the economic sustainability. 4.6 Economic Barclays practices transparency to their stakeholder. Based on the findings, Barclays believes that the best way to support their stakeholders is by operating a strong, profitable and growing business, which creates jobs and contributes to the economic success of the communities in which they live and work (Citizenship Report, 2011). Transparency is the degree to which corporate decision, policies, activities and impacts are acknowledged and made visible to relevant stakeholders (Crane and Matten, 2010). Jenkins Barclays CEO has mention (International Business Times)that he is committed to building a better bank with massive changes that will boost up shareholder returns over the longer term and based on the 2012 annual report Shares in the group rose 4.2 per cent (Baccardax, 2013). According to the analysis on Barclays CSR activities that theyre involved with, it gives a reflection that Barclays supports the Stakeholder theory. Stakeholder theory seeks to balance the interest of a r ange of economic, social and environmental stakeholders. The theory was been developed by Edward Freeman (1984) who states that a stakeholder of an organization is any group or individual who can affect, or is affected by, achievement of the organisations objectives(Freman 1984:46). For a more precise definition (Evan and Freeman 1993) has suggested two principles: Principle of corporate right, which means the corporation has the obligation not to violate the right of others and Principle of corporate effect which means companies are responsible for the effect of their actions on others. Stakeholder theory is known as the utilitarian ethical stances that give a balancing of stakeholder interests in decision making using a triple bottom line approach. Stakeholder theory is essential in multinational organisation like Barclays and they are sustaining with this approach. 4.7 Weaknesses of CSR policies in Barclays Barclays seems to provide information that theyre sustainable however there are few weakness and risk in the CSR policy. In early 2013, according to The Guardian news, Barclays was preparing to hand its chief executive Antony Jenkins a bonus of at least  £1m for 2012 and it is a year when the bank was fined  £290m for its part in the Libor-rigging scandal and set aside a further  £1bn for mis-selling payment protection insurance (The Guardian ,2013). Besides that, Barclays was under pressure from some of their shareholder demanded for a repay of past bonuses from its new boss. It was surprising that Barclays could be origins of the recession in the credit crunch caused by reckless bank lending. Latest news on Barclays that they will become a self-service-oriented company, thereby allowing the remaining staff to focus on delivering added value to its customers and they have mention that Barclays is changing (The Telegraph, 2013). With this information Barclays is seen as not con sistent with their policy. On the other hand, they still could be an omissions supporting by mentioning that Barclays is still a sustainable organisation. As Freidman (1970) argues that social and environmental sustainability are the responsibility of individuals and the government. The whole Barclays management shouldnt be blame for this issues it could possibly be an individual who is liable. 5.0 Summary Based on the outcomes made for this report Barclays appears to be a sustainable organisation. As seen in the outcomes, Barclays is actively engaged with many CSR activities are have updated them in GRI as well as SBSC. Barclays has establish themselves as the most recognised and respected organization in the world, to sustain it Barclays plans to continue to expand rapidly and commit to more CSR activities to be more sustainable. 6.0 Recommendation The recommendation is made after evaluating Barclays CSR activities and from my point of views on what Barclays should do in achieving a sustainable organisation. Barclays should emphasize on social and economic sustainability as their lack in this both activities. I agree that Barclays is involved in economic and social CSR activities, while be a global organisation its suggested that they should give emphasis to strategic importance of CSR drivers for globalization. As an example, Barclays is engaged in banking industry for many years, they seem expand their business to a more wide area in the world which is due to globalization and this will help them to achieve a sustainable business and profitable organisation. Besides that, having CSR activities which engaging public will gain more popularity for Barclays as it will reach the public faster than indoor activities. Barclays should also concentrate on the Utilitarian ethical stances of social responsibility. It seeks a balanced st akeholder interest in decision making using a triple bottom line approach which includes economic, environment and social which will be an advantage for Barclays. Referencing Crane, A and Matten, D, (2010) Business Ethics, 3rd ed , Oxford University Press, USA. Elkington, J. (1998). Cannibals with Forks: The Triple Bottom Line in 21st Century Businesses. New Society Publishers, Gabriola Is., BC. Blowfield, M and Murray, A (2011), Corporate Responsibility, 2nd Ed, Oxford University Press,USA. HMG (2005). Securing the Future: Delivering UK sustainable development strategy, TSO, London.www.sustainable-development.gov.uk Kaplan, S and Norton, P (1992), The Balanced Scorecard Measures That Drive Performance, Harvard Business Review , Jan-Feb retrieved on April 14,2013 from ftp://docenti.ing.units.it/arc_stud/Centrone/Corso_Tecniche%20di%20Gestione%20Aziendale/Dispense%20%20Books/Kaplan%20%20Norton/Kaplan%20%20Norton%20-%20The%20Balanced%20Scorecard%20-%20Measures%20That%20Drive%20Performance.pdf . Rionda.Z, (2002), WHAT IS CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, CATALYST Consortium, USA, retrieved on April 11, 2013 from http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/Pnada498.pdf. Zadek,(2004), The path to corporate responsibility ,Harvard Business Review,82, December:125-32. Moir L. 2001. What do we mean by corporate social responsibility? Corporate Governance 1(2): 16-22. Freeman, R. E. (1984) Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach, Boston, MA: Pinnan. Evan, W.M. and Freeman, R.E (1993), A stakeholder theory of the modern corporation: Kantian capitalism. In W.M. Hoffman and R.E. Frederick (eds.), Business ethics: readings and cases in corporate morality:145-54. New York: McGraw-Hill. Friedman, M (1970). The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits. New York Times Magazine, 13 September. Scott, K, Park, J. and Cocklin, C (2000). From sustainable rural communities to social sustainability: giving voice to diversity in Mangakahia Valley, New Zealand. Journal of Rural studies,16: 443-6. Barclays (2012), Annual Citizenship Report 2011, retrieved on April 15, 2013 from, http://reports.barclays.com/cr11/howwereport/globalreportinginitiativeindex.html. Barclays (2010), Annual report and financial statement Barclays bank Kenya, retrieved on April 15, 2013 from, http://www.barclays.com/africa/kenya/documents/Corporate-Social-Responsibility-Report.pdf. Barclays (2012), Barclays Annual PLC report, retrieved on April 16, 2013 from, http://reports.barclays.com/ar12/servicepages/downloads/files/entire_barclays_ar12.pdf. Barclays (2013), Annual Citizenship report 2012, retrieved on April 16, 2013 from, http://group.barclays.com/about-barclays/citizenship. Barclays (2011), Annual Citizenship report for Environmental and social risk in lending, retrieved on April 17, 2013 from, http://reports.barclays.com/cr11/thewaywedobusiness/environmentalandsocialriskinlending.html?cat=b. Barclays (2012), wealth and investment management, retrieved on April 17, 2013,from , http://www.barclayswealth.com/about-us/in-the-community.htm. Barclays (2002), corporate social responsibility annual report, retrieved on April 17, 2013 from, http://www.investor.barclays.co.uk/results/2002results/annual_report/website/impact/csr16.html. Baccardax, M (2013), Barclays CEO: Strategy Overhaul Global Economy will slow Near-term growth, retrieved on April 17, 2013 from, http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/articles/434161/20130212/barclays-antony-jenkins-investment-banking-job-cuts.htm. Ainsworth, D (2012), Business Charity Awards: CSR team -Winner: Barclays, Retrieved on April 17, 2013, from , http://www.thirdsector.co.uk/Fundraising/article/1131962/business-charity-awards-csr-team-winner-barclays/. Anonymous (no Date http://historyofbusiness.blogspot.co.uk/2012/01/history-of-barclays-bank.html access on: 18 April 2013. Barclays (2011), Citizenship report for direct economic contribution, retrieved on April 19, 2013, from, http://reports.barclays.com/cr11/contributingtogrowth/directeconomiccontribution.html?cat=b. Barclays (2013), Citizenship report for supporting our community, retrieved on April 19, 2013, from, http://group.barclays.com/about-barclays/citizenship/supporting-our-communities. Treanor, J ( 2013), Barclays preparing to pay bonus of at least  £1m to new chief Antony Jenkins, The Guardian , February , 29 retrieved on April 19,2013 from, http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2013/jan/29/barclays-executive-pay-jenkins-libor. Telegraph staff (2013), Barclays could cut up to 40,000 jobs, The Telegraph, March, 7 retrieved on April 19, 2013, from, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/banksandfinance/9916111/Barclays-could-cut-up-to-40000-jobs.html.

Alcohol Consumption in College for Diabetics :: Diabetes Alcohol

Alcohol Consumption in College So, you’re in college now and you want to enjoy the â€Å"full college experience.† For many people, a very large part of this experience involves alcohol. Diabetics need to be careful when consuming alcohol because diabetes and alcohol can potentially be a very dangerous and even deadly combination. If you do decide to drink, please do so responsibly because drinking until you are â€Å"stupid† not only harms you, but it puts a lot of stress on friendships; who will bring you out of that seizure or fainting spell that was brought on by the hypoglycemia that resulted from drinking too much without eating first? Whoever it is will not appreciate having to do so.* What happens when a person with diabetes ingests alcohol? One study showed that when an alcoholic beverage was ingested with an evening meal, there may be a delayed hypoglycemic episode the morning after, or up to 16 hours after ingestions. However, there was no acute event of hypoglycemia immediately after ingesting alcohol WITH a meal. (Richardson et al. 2005) On the other hand, alcohol on an empty stomach increases the risks of hypoglycemia in several ways. First, ingestion of even small amounts may impair the ability of the individual to detect the onset of hypoglycemia at a stage when they are still able to take appropriate action, i.e., eat carbohydrates. Second, hypoglycemia per se may be mistaken for intoxication by third parties with legal as well as health consequences. Third, alcohol has been shown in some studies to directly impair the hormonal counterregulatory responses to low blood glucose levels (4). Fourth, recent data indicate that small amounts of alcohol can augment the cognitive deficits associated with hypoglycemia in individuals with type 1 diabetes (5). (Richardson et al. 2005) Anyway, if you drink responsibly, everyone will surely have a good time. For a slightly more comprehensive write-up, visit: http://www.diabetes.org/type-1-diabetes/alcohol.jsp *On a side note, just taking care of yourself is important for that reason, too. I have talked to people who have had to take care of their friends/boyfriends/girlfriends who wouldn’t take care of themselves, and these people were basically glad to get out of the relationships they had with these people with diabetes because it was too much stress.

Design of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems Essay

Storage Tanks are the tanks in which flammable and combustible liquids are stored. The storage tanks should be constructed of steel in case they are constructed above grounds. The non-combustible substance can be used for the construction if it is used to store a combustible liquid. The material used for the construction must be that helps the tank to be protected against the fire. In one of the storage tank fires broke out at the island of Palau Merimau, Singapore and the fire started catching tankage containing petroleum, motor gasoline and diesel product. Despite the size of fire and adverse logistics, fire fighting efforts were successful in controlling the fire. This require operational and design engineering considerations, proper fire fighting strategy, prefire and emergency response plans, fire water management and fixed/semifixed system. A permanent water supply, of sufficient volume, duration, pressure, required to properly operate the fire fighting equipment shall be made available as soon as combustible materials accumulate and in the same way underground waters are to be provided, installed and made available for use as early as possible at the place of fire. In case were fixed water protection system is not installed with the tank with flammable or combustible liquids the floating roof to cover on liquid which helps to protect the fire to be broke out. Most fires in this design of tank burn only at the seal and are usually easily extinguished. Tanks with floating roofs are not likely to be involved in serious fires. This is because there is far less liquid surface is exposed to the fire. When storage tanks are not equipped with fixed fire protection then it must contain a stable liquid storage at a pressure 17kPa (gauge). The tanks containing flammable liquids should be normally kept closed for protection of unless the tank is venting. Where drainage facilities are provided to drain water from dike areas, efforts should be made to prevent flammable liquids from entering into any natural resources as it constitute fire hazard. REFERENCE Referred to sites:1. http://www. ofm. gov. on. ca/english/Publications/Guidelines/part4/4commen5. asp SECTION 4. 3 TANK STORAGE Subsection 4. 3. 1. – Design, Construction and Use of Storage Tanks 2. http://www. osha. gov/doc/outreachtraining/htmlfiles/subpartf. html Fire Protection and Prevention DEFINITIONS APPLICABLE TO THIS SUBPART – Â §1926. 155 3. http://www. ofm. gov. on. ca/english/Publications/Guidelines/part4/4commen5. asp SECTION 4. 3 TANK STORAGE Dated 4th August 2007

This Should Not of Happened to Peter Connelly

This should not of happened to Peter Connelly – By Jonathan Pinder Born 1st March, 2006, Peter Connelly â€Å"Baby P† was only three months old when his natural father walked out after the mother; Tracey Connelly began an affair with Steven Barker, a racist thug obsessed with Nazi memorabilia and pornography. This was the start of the end for such a beautiful little innocent boy! In the world we live in today this should NEVER have happened!So many things should never have slipped through the net and gone un-noticed. The professionals where the only people that could of saved this poor little boy’s life, they had the words! They had the means! And they had the power to stop this. But instead Fifteen month-old ‘Baby P' was left to die at the hands of his mother and stepfather because of catastrophic blunders by doctors, police and the same Haringey Borough Council who so disastrously failed to help nine year-old Victoria Climbie ten years earlier.Rather than resign in shame, doctors and social workers have fallen over each other to blame others and keep their jobs. And so it begins! In November 2006, Tracey Connelly’s new boyfriend, Steven Barker, moved in with her and shortly after the new lover moved into the family home in Finsbury Park, north London, Peter was seen with bruises and scratches on his skin on a visit to his GP Dr Jerome Ikwueke. This is when the excuses and lies began; Tracey Connelly’s excuse was that the boy's skin ‘bruised easily. But no sooner had Peter visited the Doctors, Peter was taken to Whittington hospital with a head injury, bruising to the bridge of the nose, sternum, right shoulder and buttocks and when Tracey was asked about finger-marks on Peters body, the mother said they were from ‘holding him and throwing him up in the air. ‘(Excuse and lie number 2) She also claimed that Peter, now only 9 months old, liked ‘rough and tumble play’ (Excuse and lie number 3 ) when she was under police questioning on suspicion of assault.This is where Haringey social services placed Peter on the ‘at risk' register and visited the family home to find it filthy and smelling of urine. Is this acceptable for a baby Was this question asked Yes it was and they came to the conclusion to let Peter stay with Angela Godfrey, a church going therapist and Tracey Connelly's best friend, instead of a foster carer. Why a friend of the mother who has just been questioned on suspicion of assaulting Peter and who’s house was so filthy? But within just a month, on January 26, 2007, with no decision made on any charge against the mother, Peter was allowed back home!Mistake 1 and the first of many! On April 9TH, Peter was taken to hospital with a large swelling to his head and bruises to his eyes and cheek. Despite the injuries – which Tracey Connelly claimed were caused by another boy pushing him into a fireplace (Excuse and lie number 4) – docto rs focused on treating the boy for possible symptoms of meningitis. While at hospital Tracey Connelly told staff ‘I had been told in March that if there were any more accidental injuries they were going to take him away. ‘ Was this Tracey’s way of asking for help? If so why wasn’t this followed up?Well it was and social services took no action other than to buy the family a fireguard. A fireguard Then on June 1st the social worker made an unannounced visit to the home and found Peter with bruises under the chin and a red line under his eye. Tracey Connelly claimed that another 18 month-old child had hit the boy during a squabble (Excuse and lie number 5). Tracey Connelly was ordered to take him to hospital. An examination by doctors revealed more bruising in 12 different areas of his body including a ‘grip mark' on his leg. Tracey Connelly was interviewed by police four days later but again released on bail for the second time.Disregarding the mountin g evidence, it was decided jointly by police and social services to allow Peter home on condition his care was supervised by Angela Godfrey. The police officer investigating both assaults, DC Angela Slade, did at first object to returning the child but it was decided there was not enough evidence to start care proceedings. Peter's condition deteriorated even faster he lost weight and his scalp and ear infections became so bad that the child-minder refused to look after him anymore and his GP only prescribed anti-bacterial cream.When Peter spent a night with his natural father; he had lost nails on his fingers and toes. On the next visit by social worker during a scheduled visit Tracey Connelly covered up Peter's bruises with chocolate (Excuse and lie number 6). Why was this happening and still no-one noticed anything and spoke up? Peters Last Chance The last chance to save Peter's life came on August 1st, when a doctor examined him at the Child Development Clinic in St Anne's Hospit al, Tottenham. The doctor failed to spot his fractured ribs and ignored a series of bruises to his back and legs. Peter may even have already been paralysed y having his back snapped over a hard surface such as an adult knee or cot. When in court the doctor later said ‘He didn't look any different from any child with a common cold. ‘ The next day, August 2nd, 2007, Tracey Connelly was told the assault investigation against her was being dropped and offered a free trip to the seaside as a treat! Peter spent that evening face down in his cot, wrapped tightly in a blanket ‘like a cocoon' while his mother and stepfather celebrated. Peter was already dead when Tracey Connelly finally got out of bed at 11am. Good bye Peter. Why didn’t anyone fight for you?Peter was seen by 28 different social workers, doctors and police officers before he was tortured to death! Whoever is to be blamed, and however the degrees of blame are to be portioned out, the bottom line is th at Peter was killed after a horrific 18 month life, during all or most of which he was repeatedly beaten and physically injured by his mother, and her partner, and, perhaps, the lodger. What happened is beyond excusing or excuse-making. Those responsible should be called to account and removed from such work. Everyone from the case workers, to their supervisors, and the doctors and police.Too many people and too many mistakes. Why did everyone make some many failings? The â€Å"devastating† catalogue of failings on the part of Haringey Council, health advisors and police meant that those who highlighted fears were ignored and the obvious signs of abuse went unheeded. It took seven inspectors from Ofsted, the Healthcare Commission and Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary just two weeks to produce the report comprising a long list of failings. (See list of failings) But the biggest blow came from the reaction of us, the public who rarely see these types of events and such brutality.This cut us all to the core. To hear this brutality to such a young little boy was harrowing and devastating and then to hear of all the failings made by the people and authorities that where put in place to help prevent this was disgusting and we all wondered what exactly these people do for a living? For me as a support worker originally from a children’s background and now working with vulnerable adults this made me look more closely at my work and the procedures that where in place to see what changes I could possibly make and to be honest the changes aren’t at ground evel that need to be made, these changes need to come from way up the ladder, from managers up to the MP’s. So where do we go from here? What happened here was horrific but we must move forward. This should never have happened but unfortunately these things do happen and do slip through the net, the only positive thing that will come for this will be new rules and recommendations tha t are laid out for departments for Children, Schools, Residential children’s homes, other professional’s and families.The joint area review has brought out a list of recommendations to enable all such parties to ensure that comprehensive and effective safeguarding arrangements for children and young people are established (see attached Recommendations of the joint area review) Also Ed Balls (Children's Secretary) told MPs that in the light of the Baby P case; â€Å"We have tabled three new clauses that will help us to go further towards implementing Lord Laming’s recommendations in this Bill, they will introduce new statutory targets for safeguarding and child protection and require local safeguarding children boards to appoint two members drawn from the local community and to publish an annual report on their effectiveness, But these measures could only go some way to protecting children†. And this is a sad and truthful fact that we will never be able to stop every single death of a child or vulnerable person, despite being known or unknown to social services.It’s a sad point, but it is not realistic to say that every child murder can be prevented. Child protection is everyone’s business, but things that go on behind closed doors stay there- even when they shouldn’t.! LITTLE ANGEL (BABY P) Bye, bye little angel, So bright and so sweet, You had been here with us, With your heart of love and joy, Now you will rest in peace, No one now will treat you bad. We watch you grow and change, We will remember you always, With every smile on your tiny face. You are so special in every way And we will love you every day. List of failings found by Ofsted, the Healthcare Commission and Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary Insufficient oversight of child protection services by Haringey's councillors and senior officers; *A managerial failure to ensure all the requirements of the inquiry into Victoria Climbie's murder in 2000 is met; *Social workers, health professionals and police do not communicate routinely and consistently; *A failure to identify children who are at immediate risk of harm; *Frontline procedures are of inconsistent quality; *Child protection plans are generally poor; *Record-keeping for case files is inconsistent and often poor; *An over-reliance on performance data which is not always accurate; * A failure to speak directly to children at risk; Concerns that youngsters suspected of being abused may not have been able to speak up without fear; *The Serious Case Review into Baby P's death is inadequate; *The high turnover of social workers at Haringey Council has resulted in heavy reliance on agency staff, leading to a lack of continuity for children and their families; * Heavy workloads for social workers, with the true number of children allocated to them not always accurately counted. The inspectors' summary to their report may have been written in official jargon but its stark meaning is clear enough. They wrote: â€Å"The contribution of local services to improving outcomes for children and young people at risk or requiring safeguarding is inadequate and needs urgent and sustained attention. In other words, vulnerable children in Haringey cannot necessarily rely on the authorities to protect them and Baby P's death was not just tragic bad luck. Recommendations of the joint area review The joint area review made the following recommendations that the Department for Children, Schools and Families should provide immediate appropriate support and challenge to the local authority to ensure that comprehensive and effective safeguarding arrangements for children and young people are established. The Local Authority, working with its partners and in particular health and the police, should: *improve governance of safeguarding arrangements establish more secure assessment and earlier intervention strategies which ensure that, in all cases where concerns about c hildren are identified, agencies can intervene and assess risks of significant harm to children in a timely manner *establish more systematic monitoring of the quality of practice ensure that managers and staff at all levels are accountable for casework decisions, and that they draw as necessary on the expertise of partner agencies to inform the decision making process *take steps to integrate individual service processes and systems across all agencies more effectively *assure the competence of leadership and management in all areas of children’s services and develop clear and effective accountability structures *establish rigorous arrangements for management of performance across all agencies, which ensure that the quality of practice is evaluated and reported regularly and reliably, and that accountability for each action is defined and monitored *make explicit to all staff and elected members the expectations and standards required of front line child protection practice *establish rigorous procedures to audit and monitor the quality of case files across all partner agencies and ensure processes are in place to deliver improvement *establish clear procedures and protocols for communication and collaboration between social care, health and police services to support safeguarding of children, and ensure that these are adhered to *assure the competence of service and team managers in conducting rigorous and evaluative supervision and monitoring of safeguarding practice *appoint an independent chairperson to the local safeguarding children board (LSCB). Whilst not a mandatory requirement, it would be good practice for the Local Authority to: *ensure that all elected members have CRB checks *ensure that all elected members undertake safeguarding training.